Thursday, December 26, 2019

Frederick Douglass Realism - 1838 Words

Frederick Douglass truly transformed American society by using realism and powerful rhetoric within his speeches. Douglass’s speeches and slave narrative not only clarified, but described in full detail real and life changing events of slavery that changed the tide of the Civil War. One of the greatest orators, Frederick Douglass, was first a slave. Frederick was born on â€Å"the Holme Hill Farm near Chesapeake Bay, Maryland† under the slave owners, the Alnuds (Pinkney 27). Frederick’s parents were Harriet Baily and an unknown man. Harriet was â€Å"as black as molasses† and his father was â€Å"as white as the moon† (Pinkney 27). Fredrick was taken away from his mother and sold to a different master on a farm. Frederick’s duty as a slave started very†¦show more content†¦Now approximately twenty, he escaped with his wife to New Bedford, Massachusetts. Eventually Frederick was offered a job. â€Å"When leaders of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society asked Frederick to join their group, he immediately agreed to become a member† (Pinkety 32). In 1841, Frederick Douglass joined the â€Å"Convention of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society† (Pinkey 31). He â€Å"delivered his oration at a time of growing division in the United States† (Marcus 298). Frederick created an autobiography and it was an instant hit among those who read it. His book â€Å"was published in May 1845†¦. People as far away as Europe purchased the book† (Pinkey 33). After his book was published, he traveled to England and Ireland to talk about his experiences. Yet still a slave, the people in England raised money to pay for Frederick’s freedom from the Alnuds. On December 5, 1846, the Anuld’s signed official papers for his release. There was a political side to Douglass’s life. The People thought it would be best to send a colored man to a white government. Frederick Douglass was in the running to be the minister to Haiti, but Ebenezer D. Bassett was chosen instead. Many questioned why Bassett was chosen over Douglass. Senator Sumner and J. Sella Martin both agreed that Douglass was the best man for the job of minister to the people of Haiti. Failing at becoming a minister in the government, â€Å"Douglass turned his attention to launching a movement toShow MoreRelatedAdvocates for the Abolition of Slavery: Olaudah Equiano vs. Fredirck Douglass902 Words   |  4 Pagesslaves Frederick Douglass and Olaudah Equiano documented their horrifying experiences and published accounts of them. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano highlight the cruelty towards slaves during the era of realism. Although these autobiographies contain many similarities in the manner of their composure, including abolitionist motives and a focus on the separation of families, the dissimilar lives of Equiano and Douglass exposeRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs And Frederick Douglass1618 Words   |  7 PagesRealism creates an authentic image of daily endeavors, notably most if not all that slaves faced, and constructs a bridge that connects the gap between the readers to the slaves who are subjected to the endeavors and hardships as seen through autobiographies of many former slaves such as Harriet Jacobs’s and Frederick Douglass’s. Jacobs’s â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† and Douglass’s â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass† both illustrate great examples of the obstacles and barriersRead MoreThe Intelligent Civil Rights Activist By Frederick Douglass1084 Words   |  5 PagesThe intelligent civil rights activist Frederick Douglass was born into slavery in Maryland on February 1818. His born given name, Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, seemed to be a fairytale name to an unusual life because his father was a white planation owner who was most likely Douglass s first slave master, named Captain Anthony. Possibly it was Harriet Bailey who gave her son Frederick such a distinguished name wishing that his life would be superior than hers. His mother couldn’t imagineRead More The African-Ameri can Nightmare Exposed in Black Literature Essay2231 Words   |  9 PagesAfrican-American Nightmare Exposed in Olaudah Equiano, Narrative of Frederick Douglass, Song of Solomon, and Push    The American Dream was founded on the concept that all men are created equal(Jefferson 729) and that everyone has the capability and resources to pull themselves up by their bootstraps. The Declaration of Independence was written so Americans could achieve this dream, but was not written with the African slave in mind. The African slave was never intended to be a part of thisRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Writing in the favor of black people has always remained controversial from the very beginning. Critics regard such writing as â€Å"a highly conventionalized genre† indicating that â€Å"its status as literature was long disputed but the literary merits of its most famous example such as Frederick Douglass s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†¦are widely recognized today.† (Ryan:537) Despite of such severe resistance, writers like Douglass have penned down theirRead MoreRomanticism And Realism727 Words   |  3 PagesRomanticism to Realism in literature in the 1800’s. Both styles of literature we’re revolutionary in their time and are still two of the most popular styles of writing today. While Romanticism seems to focus on metaphors and emotions Realism mostly focuses on the character and the aspects of everyday life. Although these two styles are very different it is easy to see how Romanticism lead to the Realism style of writing. Usual ly in Romanticism the characters tend to be un realistic while in Realism the charactersRead MoreRealism and Freedom in Literature of Dwight D. Eisenhower1948 Words   |  8 PagesRealism and Freedom Dwight D. Eisenhower once stated, Freedom has its life in the hearts, the actions, the spirit of men and so it must be daily earned and refreshed-else like a flower cut from its life-giving roots, it will wither and die (Rather 1). The meaning of the term freedom is often open to interpretation, and can represent different meanings to different groups of people. Up until the Realistic time period, many Americans viewed freedom as being able to enjoy the rights given to themRead MoreLife of a Slave Girl and Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass1524 Words   |  6 Pagesthe freedom of choice. Two of the most seminal and timeless pieces of literature written about slavery, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl written by Harriet Jacobs and Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass both do a tremendous job of showing the harrowing effects of slavery. Jacobs and Douglass had to endure the hate of a society that despised their race and mistakenly encouraged the existence of sla very in society. These two stories present two different perspectives of people from theRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1792 Words   |  8 PagesAfrican American Literature Midterm Exam 1. Define who Frederick Douglass was and provide a summary of his book, narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass: an American slave 1845. Frederick Douglass was an African-American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. Frederick Douglass was the most important black American leader of the nineteenth century. He was born in February of the 1818 and died February 20, 1895. Douglass was a firm believer in the equality of all peoples, whetherRead MoreSlavery s Toll On A Man2236 Words   |  9 Pagestrade. Economizing black slavery caused this servitude to prevail in American society as necessity that turned into carelessness and inhumane treatment of blacks. Born into slavery, Frederick Douglass has a first hand account of the struggle against white supremacy and the treatment of blacks during his time. Frederick Douglass’s determination to fight the notorious enslavement of blacks manifests from an initial aim to depict the immorality of slavery through his vivid experiences brought on by a

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

It All Started On A Bus - 1046 Words

It all started on a bus. â€Å"People always say that I didn t give up my seat because I was tired, but that isn t true...No, the only tired i was, was tired of giving in.† The women that made this statement was a bold african american woman who couldn t accept the mistreatment of her race and she decided to do something about it. Rosa Parks. She was a quiet, reserved woman who had no idea she would become a civil rights icon one day. Through the unfairness of her situation protest, public support, and boycotts, Rosa Parks has become the mother of the civil rights changing segregation laws and making an impact that would last forever. Parks left this lasting impact in a number of ways including standing up to authority, organizing various groups and causing certain laws to be passed. Rosa was a seamstress at a local factory in Montgomery, Alabama and used the bus every day as transportation to and from work. The Montgomery City Code required that all public transportation be segregated and the driver of the bus was to enforce this law. They done so by assigning blacks seats in the back and whites seats in the front. If the law was broken you were arrested. â€Å"Every person operating a bus line in the city shall provide equal, but separate, accommodations for white people and negroes on his buses, by requiring the employees in charge thereof to assign passengers seats on the vehicles under their charge in such a manner as to separate the white people from the negroes, whereShow MoreRelatedWedding Speech - Original Writing1089 Words   |  5 Pagesleave right after finishing breakfast. We walked down to the bus station and waited a few minutes for the bus. The bus that came looked old and small. The bus was almost empty, it was quiet except for the toddler that was crying right behind us, but we didn’t mind because it was only a 10 minute bus ride. When we got to the exchange Rosi and I had to cross the street to get to another bus stop. Rosi pulled out her video camera and started asking me questions about where we were and what we were doingRead MoreMy First Day - Original Writing896 Words   |  4 Pages I don’t remember kindergarten all that well. However I do remember the first day. I remember feeling excited and nervous, even enthusiastic to get on a big yellow bus and head off to school. I practically ran as fast as my little legs carried me to get to the bus stop. Soon I got on the big yellow bus, surprised it stunk like an old tennis shoe. This was not at all like how the television shows I grew up watching portrayed school buses. Fifteen minutes later we pulled up to the yellow brick buildingRead More Montgomery Bus Boycott Essay899 Words   |  4 PagesThe Montgomery Bus Boycott was a political and social protest campaign started in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama. The law said that black people had to sit in the back of the bus while the the white people sat in the front. Bus drivers often referred to black people on the bus as nigger, black cow, or black ape. Blacks had to pay in the front of the bus and they had to get off to go threw the side door to sit in the back. Dr. Martin Luther King jr., was born on January 15,1929 but died April 4, 1968Read MoreEssay on Freedom Riders1426 Words   |  6 Pagesblacks and whites for public transportation systems, and their victory led to the integration of many other places and the making of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Freedom Riders started their trip from Washington D.C. on May 4th, 1961 and were to end their trip in New Orleans, Louisiana (Cozzens 1). They started off with thirteen original riders, seven of them being Negroes (Winkler 1). One member named James Peck was a CORE member and there from the very beginning. He was there in 1947 participatingRead MoreMarch on Washington1550 Words   |  7 Pagesequality for African Americans. The marchers marched down Constitution and Independence Avenues. Then they gathered in front of the Lincoln monument for speeches, songs, and prayers. It was televised to millions of people. The march consisted of all different kinds of people. There were blacks and whites, rich and poor, young and old, and Hollywood stars and normal everyday people. There were many speeches that day but there were two major ones. One was from James Farmer, imprisoned in LouisianaRead MoreRosa Parks, the Mother of Civil Rights1060 Words   |  5 Pagesenough to stand up to the whites. Even though she went to jail for what she did, she believes she did the right thing. What Rosa had done on the bus started boycotts and created more and more activists. People wonder if Rosa Parks was raised to stand up for herself or if she was supposed to stay quiet. Looking at Rosa’s life and what happened on the bus and beyond, it can be concluded that she was taught to take pride in her race. Rosa (McCauley) Parks was born on February 4, 1913 in Tuskegee,Read MoreThe Day Of A Bus934 Words   |  4 Pagesstepped aboard a bus heading to Recruit Training Command in Great Lakes, Illinois. It was rather dark in the bus as I sat there next to other young men looking just as nervous and scared as I was since none of us knew what our ordeal would be for the upcoming 2 months. I was thinking to myself â€Å"man what the hell am I even doing here?† and then without me even paying attention to where we were outside; the bus came to a halt. As soon as the bus stopped this man came aboard and said to all us â€Å"get the fuckRead MoreEssay My First Day At School1032 Words   |  5 Pageswoke up, got dressed, brushed my hair, ate breakfast and then brushed my teeth. I packed my bag and got ready to wait for the bus. I was so scared. I had so many thoughts running through my mind all at once. As I walked outside I saw the bus pulling on the end of street, my heart was racing. As the bus approached I stepped on and picked the closest empty seat available. The bus was quite yet at the same time I heard people talking. A few minutes later I just decided to look out the window instead ofRead MoreMy First Day In School965 Words   |  4 Pageswalked to the bus stop, people looked at me like Im alien with five heads and with a large nose. I sat down on a tree trunk waiting for the bus and the bus arrived after 15 minutes, I aboard the bus. The driver was a woman she was wearing a black shirt and brown pants. She told me â€Å" Do you have the paper that shows that you have permission to go to school in a school bus† I stared at her and said â€Å" No English†. A good girl seating behind the bus driver translated into Spanish what the bus driver askedRead MoreEssay On Why We Need To Help Each Other1164 Words   |  5 Pagesexcruciatingly early, get dressed, go to Clear Creek, have classes, get the homework, board the bus and just get home. Alon g my journey to the bus I was having a discussion with a friend about how much homework, I had as a 5th-grader in the first few months of my 5th grade career. Not at all paying any attention to the ominous feeling I had in my stomach. Today was different somehow. Something was off. Once I started heading home everything changed. When I first heard the thundering boom in my ears, I knew

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Spain Research Paper free essay sample

Spain is a beautiful country with rugged mountain ranges and soft sand beaches, Gothic cathedrals, mosques, and more. Spain is one of the most visited countries in the world. It is located in South Western Europe, and borders two different seas: the Mediterranean Sea and the Balearic Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean. Most areas of the country enjoy three hundred days of sunshine every year. Spain is Western Europes leading producer, and exports oranges and mandarins around the world. Grapefruit, lemons, limes, apples, bananas, pears, peaches, apricots, plums, cherries, figs, and nuts are other crops grown in Spain. Almonds, grown along the southern and the eastern coasts, are another important Spanish cash crop. The primary vegetable crops were potatoes, tomatoes, onions, cabbages, peppers, and string beans. Spain’s most popular dishes are just as diverse as their crops. Spain’s dishes include Paella, Gazpacho, Spanish Omelet, and Turron. Paella is a rice dish prepared with seafood. We will write a custom essay sample on Spain Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Of all the foods in Spain, this is the most popular. In this dish, savory yellow rice is combined with tomatoes, onions, peas, shellfish, squid, clams and chicken drumsticks. These ingredients are cooked in a large saucepan over an open fire with olive oil and salt. Gazpacho is very popular in the warmer summer months. This cold tomato soup can be served in a bowl or in a glass. Ingredients include tomatoes, onions, garlic, bell peppers, oil and vinegar. The Spanish omelet, is one of the most common dishes in this country. It is very simple to prepare, and most tapas bars and cafes serve variations on the classic recipe. This dish is made from potatoes, eggs and chopped onions and fried in a pan with oil and salt. Turron is a dessert. It is a nougat confection made from sugar, honey and egg whites. Almonds are often chopped and added to the mixture. Spaniards often enjoy this treat around Christmas time. Along with their food, they drink beverages. Their most popular beverages are sangria, Sidra cider, Spanish coffee, and red wine. The Spanish eat their meals differently than Americans. Spain also has many wonderful attractions. The Palacio Real (Royal Palace) of Madrid is one attraction. It is the official residence of the King of Spain although it is only used for state ceremonies. The Royal Palace was built between 1738 to 1755. The Aqueduct of Segovia is also a popular attraction. It is one of the best-preserved monuments left by the Romans in Spain. The ancient aqueduct carries water 16 km (10 miles) from the Frio River to Segovia and was built of some 24,000 massive granite blocks without the use of mortar. Probably constructed around 50 AD it still provided water to the city in the 20th century. Another attraction is The Sagrada Familia. It is a large Roman Catholic church in Barcelona, and one of Spain’s most visited tourist attractions. It’s a design by Antoni Gaudi, a Catalan architect who worked on this project for almost 40 years until his death in 1926. The construction of the basilica began in 1882 and still has not been finished. The most popular cities to visit in Spain are Madrid and Barcelona. Spain is a beautiful country that people will continue to visit for many years to come.

Monday, December 2, 2019

The Ethical and Legal Standards of Capital Punishment

Table of Contents Introduction Death penalty and deterrence of crime Judicial errors The economic costs of death penalty Capital punishment and retribution Conclusion Reference List Introduction The use of death penalty has been debated by many legislators and policy-makers who find the most optimal solutions to different social problems. Various professionals attempt to determine whether capital punishment is an effective policy or a costly mistake.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Ethical and Legal Standards of Capital Punishment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is the main issue that should be discussed in this paper. Overall, it is possible to argue that this policy should be abolished because it is not an effective method of crime prevention. This is the main thesis that should be illustrated. In particular, one can say that this policy does not deter people from committing felonies, especially h omicides. There is no relationship between such variables as capital punishment and the level violence in the society. Secondly, this form of punishment can pose a threat to innocent people who may be falsely convicted. Furthermore, the economic costs of this policy should not be overlooked because in many cases they are excessive. Yet, one should consider the arguments of people who support capital punishment. Much attention should be paid to the claim according to which death penalty is the only possible punishment for some crimes such as genocide or mass killings. These are the main questions that should be discussed more closely. Death penalty and deterrence of crime The supporters of death penalty argue that this policy can be viewed an effective deterrent of violent crime. To some degree, this argument is based on the premise that individuals always evaluate the positive and negative consequences of their decisions. Therefore, a person is less likely to commit a felony if he/s he knows that this action may lead to his/her death. The validity of this argument has been examined by many scholars. First, they note that many homicides do not entail capital punishment (Fagan, Zimring, Geller, 2006, p. 1803). For instance, one can mention the murder that can be committed in the state of emotional distress or intoxication (Fagan et al., 2006). Therefore, one should not include the statistical data about such felonies when speaking about the deterrent effects of capital punishment (Fagan et al., 2006). In turn, the use of this policy does not contribute the decline of homicides that are condemned by the community.Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Among these felonies, one can mention the killings of police officers or children. The main issue is that the use of capital punishment does not deter such felonies (Fagan et al. 2006, p. 1803). Researchers have not foun d any evidence suggesting that the use or abolition of death penalty can influence the level of violent crime in the community. This is one of the details that can be identified. Furthermore, in many cases, the murders that are punishable by death do not involve premeditation or rational choice (Hance Kay, Larson Lewis 2013). In other words, a person does not always consider the consequences of his/her decision which is often spontaneous. These examples indicate that death penalty can deter crime in a society. So, it does not serve its intended purposes. Finally, it is critical to remember the level of violent crime in a community can depend on such factors as the economic situation in the country or unemployment levels, rather than the severity of punishment. This is one of the reasons why this form of penalty should be abolished by the state. Judicial errors Another limitation is the possibility of judicial error. The policy-makers should take into account that even the most impa rtial investigation can miss some crucial piece of evidence that can eventually exonerate a defendant. Additionally, one should not overlook the risks of biased attitude toward a person. In this case, much attention should be paid to such a problem as racial prejudices because they can affect the attitudes of legal professionals. So, in many cases, the outcome is strongly dependent on the accuracy of investigation or impartiality of jurors. In other words, there is always a risk of mistake that can take the life of a person and produce disastrous impacts on his/her relatives or friends. These arguments are supported by scholars who identify the shortcomings in the functioning of the criminal justice system. For instance, one can mention the research article written by Jean Blackerby; this author argues that at least one of ten people executed for a serious felony can be falsely convicted (Blackerby, 2003, p. 1179). In addition to that, DNA tests show that the results of many investi gations conducted in the past were inaccurate (Blackerby, 2003). Very often, people, who are placed on the death row, are exonerated. Yet, it is quite possible that this exoneration will come too late. This is the most crucial limitation of this policy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Ethical and Legal Standards of Capital Punishment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, one should not forget that the outcome of trials strongly depends on the competency of defense attorneys. They are able to shape the opinions of judges or jurors and identify the limitations in the arguments of prosecutors. However, some people may not afford the services of such professionals. Therefore, it may be more difficult for them to defend their rights in the court. Therefore, it is not possible to disregard the role of social and economic inequalities can create additional difficulties for many people. Additionally, one can sa y that life imprisonment can be a better solution because it reduced the risk of fatal mistakes. The economic costs of death penalty Apart from that, it is important to speak about the economic costs of death penalty. To illustrate this problem, one can look at such a state as California which has to spend millions on the maintenance of death row inmates (Hance et al. 2013). In contrast, the government spends a lesser amount money on people who are sentenced to life imprisonment (Hance et al. 2013). This is one of the points that can be made. One should also bear in mind the executions of death penalty are often delayed. Sometimes, these people can stay on the death row for more than a decade. This policy is critical for eliminating the risk of a judicial error. Many of the inmates can die of natural causes, but the government has to spend more money for the needs of these people (Hance et al. 2013). In the long term, these practices can result in billion dollar expenditures (Hance et al. 2013). Thus, life imprisonment can be a more reasonable solution that legislators need to consider. Furthermore, capital punishment trials are usually more expensive than life-without-parole cases (Hance et al. 2013). Therefore, one can say that the use of death penalty is very expensive, and these costs are not justified. This issue should also be considered by policy-makers because they need to make the most efficient use of tax-payers’ money. Admittedly, economic considerations are not closely related to ethical and judicial questions. However, they form an important part of governmental policies. Capital punishment and retribution However, there are some arguments that can be advanced in support of death penalty. They are based on the premise that a punishment should be proportionate to the crime committed by a person (Finkelstein, 2003, p. 12). For instance, it is not possible to compare the felony committed in the state of emotional distress and the cold-blooded murder of a child. Moreover, one can mention mass killings of people.Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, under some circumstances, capital punishment can be viewed as the only possible retribution that should be imposed on a criminal. This is one of the justifications for practicing capital punishment. Moreover, one should not forget about the experiences of victims’ relatives who may believe that death penalty is the only means of restoring justice (McKee Feather, 2008). Additionally, there are situations when the accusations are based on numerous testimonies, video recordings, or other materials leave virtually no room for doubt. The advocates of death penalty can mention such people like Anders Breiwik or Timothy McVeigh who killed more than two hundred people. There are no extenuating circumstances that can be used by defense attorney. Therefore, the advocates of capital punishment can refer to these cases in order to justify this policy. Moreover, one should not forget about such crimes as genocide or ethnic cleansings (Black, 1999). The sentences that were pass ed during the Nuremberg Trials have not been disputed even by the opponents of capital punishment. These are the cases showing that the validity of a death penalty cannot be fully dismissed since there are situations when this form of punishment seems the only possible response of a society to the crimes of a person. Certainly, these situations can be viewed as rare exceptions but they should not be disregarded. Nevertheless, these cases do not justify the use of a death penalty by the society. It should be kept in mind that people, who perpetrate such horrible crimes, may not be deterred by the possibility of capital punishment. The behavior of such individuals cannot be controlled or manipulated. In many cases, they accept the possibility of this outcome. This is one of the details that should be considered. Therefore, one cannot refer to exceptional situations in order to justify the effectiveness of capital punishment. Such an approach can lead to the adoption of laws which may harm people. This is one of the pitfalls that should be avoided. Conclusion Overall, this discussion suggests that the ethical and legal standards of capital punishment still remain a subject of heated debates. Yet, the examples presented in this paper show that the use of this penalty is not effective for the prevention of crimes such as homicide. Moreover, one should not suppose about the costs of these policy. Finally, it is vital to remember about the possibility of a judicial error. Therefore, it is not reasonable to continue this policy. There are certain exceptional cases that can be used to justify the effectiveness of capital punishment. Yet, these exceptions are not sufficient for justifying this policy. More likely, this strategy can victimize many innocent people. Reference List Black, P. (1999). Do circumstances ever justify capital punishment? Theological  Studies, 60(2), 338-345. Blackerby, J. (2003). Life after death row: Preventing wrongful capital convictions and restoring innocence after exoneration. Vanderbilt Law Review, 56(4), 1179-1226. Fagan, J., Zimring, F., Geller, A. (2006). Capital Punishment and Capital Murder: Market Share and the Deterrent Effects of the Death Penalty. Texas Law Review 84(7), 1803-1867. Finkelstein, C. (2002). Death and retribution. Criminal Justice Ethics, 21(2), 12-21. Hance, B., Kay, K., Larson, J., Lewis, V. (2013). Death of the death penalty? An examination of California’s capital punishment system. Journal Of Legal Issues Cases In Business, 10(2), 10-21. McKee, I. R., Feather, N. T. (2008). Revenge, retribution, and values: Social attitudes and punitive sentencing. Social Justice Research, 21(2), 138-163. This essay on The Ethical and Legal Standards of Capital Punishment was written and submitted by user The Hunter to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.